Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a high-voltage magnetron sputtering tool with an enhanced power source including a vacuum chamber containing a magnetron cathode with a magnet array, a target, and an anode, as well as the enhanced power source that includes high-power DC power source and controller that produces a pulsed output. In an aspect, the enhanced power source may include a standard power source that is retrofitted a supplemental high-power DC power source and controller, and alternatively, a high-power DC power source and controller that replaces the standard power source. In addition, the present disclosure is directed to methods for depositing a hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon film on a semiconductor substrate using the high-voltage magnetron sputtering tool. In an aspect, the hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon film may be an etch mask having a sp3 carbon bonding that is greater than 60 percent.

Abstract: Integrated circuitry comprising a ribbon or wire (RoW) transistor stack within which the transistors have different threshold voltages (Vt). In some examples, a gate electrode of the transistor stack may include only one workfunction metal. A metal oxide may be deposited around one or more channels of the transistor stack as a solid-state source of a metal oxide species that will diffuse toward the channel region(s). As diffused, the metal oxide may remain (e.g., as a silicate, or hafnate) in close proximity to the channel region, thereby altering the dipole properties of the gate insulator material. Different channels of a transistor stack may be exposed to differing amounts or types of the metal oxide species to provide a range of Vt within the stack. After diffusion, the metal oxide may be stripped as sacrificial, or retained.

Abstract: Techniques and mechanisms for forming a gate dielectric structure and source or drain (S/D) structures on a monolayer channel structure of a transistor. In an embodiment, the channel structure comprises a two-dimensional (2D) layer of a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) material. During fabrication of the transistor structure, a layer of a dielectric material is deposited on the channel structure, wherein the dielectric material is suitable to provide a reaction, with a plasma, to produce a conductive material. While a first portion of the dielectric material is covered by a patterned structure, a second portion of the dielectric material is exposed to a plasma treatment to form a source or dielectric (S/D) electrode structure that adjoins the first portion. In another embodiment, the dielectric material is an oxide of a Group V-VI transition metal.

Abstract: Techniques and mechanisms for providing gate dielectric structures of a transistor. In an embodiment, the transistor comprises a thin channel structure which comprises one or more layers of a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) material. The channel structure forms two surfaces on opposite respective sides thereof, wherein the surfaces extend to each of two opposing edges of the channel structure. A composite gate dielectric structure comprises first bodies of a first dielectric material, wherein the first bodies each adjoin a different respective one of the two opposing edges, and variously extend to each of the surfaces two surfaces. The composite gate dielectric structure further comprises another body of a second dielectric material other than the first dielectric material. In another embodiment, the other body adjoins one or both of the two surfaces, and extends along one or both of the two surfaces to each of the first bodies.

Abstract: Transistor structures with monocrystalline metal chalcogenide channel materials are formed from a plurality of template regions patterned over a substrate. A crystal of metal chalcogenide may be preferentially grown from a template region and the metal chalcogenide crystals then patterned into the channel region of a transistor. The template regions may be formed by nanometer-dimensioned patterning of a metal precursor, a growth promoter, a growth inhibitor, or a defected region. A metal precursor may be a metal oxide suitable, which is chalcogenated when exposed to a chalcogen precursor at elevated temperature, for example in a chemical vapor deposition process.

Abstract: An integrated circuit interconnect structure includes a metallization level above a first device level. The metallization level includes an interconnect structure coupled to the device structure, a conductive cap including an alloy of a metal of the interconnect structure and either silicon or germanium on an uppermost surface of the interconnect structure. A second device level above the conductive cap includes a transistor coupled with the conductive cap. The transistor includes a channel layer including a semiconductor material, where at least one sidewall of the conductive cap is co-planar with a sidewall of the channel layer. The transistor further includes a gate on a first portion of the channel layer, where the gate is between a source region and a drain region, where one of the source or the drain region is in contact with the conductive cap.

Abstract: Integrated circuitry comprising a ribbon or wire (RoW) transistor stack within which the transistors have different threshold voltages (Vt). In some examples, a gate electrode of the transistor stack may include only one workfunction metal. A metal oxide may be deposited around one or more channels of the transistor stack as a solid-state source of a metal oxide species that will diffuse toward the channel region(s). As diffused, the metal oxide may remain (e.g., as a silicate, or hafnate) in close proximity to the channel region, thereby altering the dipole properties of the gate insulator material. Different channels of a transistor stack may be exposed to differing amounts or types of the metal oxide species to provide a range of Vt within the stack. After diffusion, the metal oxide may be stripped as sacrificial, or retained.

Abstract: A capacitor device, such as a metal insulator metal (MIM) capacitor includes a seed layer including tantalum, a first electrode on the seed layer, where the first electrode includes at least one of ruthenium or iridium and an insulator layer on the seed layer, where the insulator layer includes oxygen and one or more of Sr, Ba or Ti. In an exemplary embodiment, the insulator layer is a crystallized layer having a substantially smooth surface. A crystallized insulator layer having a substantially smooth surface facilitates low electrical leakage in the MIM capacitor. The capacitor device further includes a second electrode layer on the insulator layer, where the second electrode layer includes a second metal or a second metal alloy.

Abstract: IC interconnect structures including subtractively patterned features. Feature ends may be defined through multiple patterning of multiple cap materials for reduced misregistration. Subtractively patterned features may be lines integrated with damascene vias or with subtractively patterned vias, or may be vias integrated with damascene lines or with subtractively patterned lines. Subtractively patterned vias may be deposited as part of a planar metal layer and defined currently with interconnect lines. Subtractively patterned features may be integrated with air gap isolation structures. Subtractively patterned features may be include a barrier material on the bottom, top, or sidewall. A bottom barrier of a subtractively patterned features may be deposited with an area selective technique to be absent from an underlying interconnect feature. A barrier of a subtractively patterned feature may comprise graphene or a chalcogenide of a metal in the feature or in a seed layer.

Abstract: A thin film transistor (TFT) structure includes a gate electrode, a gate dielectric layer on the gate electrode, a channel layer including a semiconductor material with a first polarity on the gate dielectric layer. The TFT structure also includes a multi-layer material stack on the channel layer, opposite the gate dielectric layer, an interlayer dielectric (ILD) material over the multi-layer material stack and beyond a sidewall of the channel layer. The TFT structure further includes source and drain contacts through the interlayer dielectric material, and in contact with the channel layer, where the multi-layer material stack includes a barrier layer including oxygen and a metal in contact with the channel layer, where the barrier layer has a second polarity. A sealant layer is in contact with the barrier layer, where the sealant layer and the ILD have a different composition.

Abstract: A transistor structure includes a stack of nanoribbons coupling source and drain terminals. The nanoribbons may each include a pair of crystalline interface layers and a channel layer between the interface layers. The channel layers may be a molecular monolayer, including a metal and a chalcogen, with a thickness of less than 1 nm. The channel layers may be substantially monocrystalline, and the interface layers may be lattice matched to the channel layers. The channel layers may be epitaxially grown over the lattice-matched interface layers. The crystalline interface layers may be grown over sacrificial layers when forming the stack of nanoribbons.

Abstract: A transistor structure includes a stack of nanoribbons spanning between terminals of the transistor. Ends of the nanoribbons include silicon, and channel regions between the ends include a transition metal and a chalcogen. A gate structure over the channel regions includes an insulator between the channel regions and a gate electrode material. Contact regions may be formed by modifying portions of the channel regions by adding a dopant to, or altering the crystal structure of, the channel regions. The transistor structure may be in an integrated circuit device.

Abstract: A transistor in an integrated circuit (IC) die includes source and drain terminals having a bulk material enclosed by a liner material. A nanoribbon channel region couples the source and drain terminals. The nanoribbon may include a transition metal and a chalcogen. The liner material may contact ends and upper and lower surfaces of the nanoribbon. The transistor may be in an interconnect layer. The source and drain terminals may be formed by conformally depositing the liner material over the ends of the nanoribbon and in voids opened in the IC die.

Abstract: Devices, transistor structures, systems, and techniques, are described herein related to selective gate oxide formation on 2D materials for transistor devices. A transistor structure includes a gate dielectric structure on a 2D semiconductor material layer, and source and drain structures in contact with the gate dielectric structure and on the 2D semiconductor material layer. The source and drain structures include a metal material or metal nitride material and the gate dielectric structure includes an oxide of the metal material or metal nitride material.

Abstract: Integrated circuit (IC) structures comprising transistors with metal chalcogenide channel material synthesized on a workpiece comprising a Group IV crystal. Prior to synthesis of the metal chalcogenide material, a passivation material is formed over the Group IV crystal to limit exposure of the substrate to the growth precursor gas(es) and thereby reduce a quantity of chalcogen species subsequently degassed from the workpiece. The passivation material may be applied to the front side, back side, and/or edge of a workpiece. The passivation material may be sacrificial or retained as a permanent feature of an IC structure. The passivation material may be advantageously amorphous and/or a compound comprising at least one of a metal or nitrogen that is good diffusion barrier and thermally stable at the metal chalcogenide synthesis temperatures.

Abstract: A transistor has multiple channel regions coupling source and drain structures, and a seed material is between one of the source or drain structures and a channel material, which includes a metal and a chalcogen. Each channel region may include a nanoribbon. A nanoribbon may have a monocrystalline structure and a thickness of a monolayer, less than 1 nm. A nanoribbon may be free of internal grain boundaries. A nanoribbon may have an internal grain boundary adjacent an end opposite the seed material. The seed material may directly contact the first of the source or drain structures, and the channel material may directly contact the second of the source or drain structures.

Abstract: IC interconnect structures including subtractively patterned features. Feature ends may be defined through multiple patterning of multiple cap materials for reduced misregistration. Subtractively patterned features may be lines integrated with damascene vias or with subtractively patterned vias, or may be vias integrated with damascene lines or with subtractively patterned lines. Subtractively patterned vias may be deposited as part of a planar metal layer and defined currently with interconnect lines. Subtractively patterned features may be integrated with air gap isolation structures. Subtractively patterned features may be include a barrier material on the bottom, top, or sidewall. A bottom barrier of a subtractively patterned features may be deposited with an area selective technique to be absent from an underlying interconnect feature. A barrier of a subtractively patterned feature may comprise graphene or a chalcogenide of a metal in the feature or in a seed layer.

Abstract: Integrated circuitry comprising an interconnect level with multi-height lines contacted by complementary multi-height vias. In some examples, a first line of a taller height is contacted by a first via of a shorter height while a second line of a shorter height is contacted by a second via of a taller height. The first and second vias and first and second lines may be subtractively defined concurrently from a same stack of conductive material layers such that the first via comprises a first conductive material layer, and the first line comprises second and third conductive material layers while the second via comprises the first and second conductive material layers and the second line comprises the third conductive material layer.

Abstract: A thin film transistor (TFT) structure includes a gate electrode, a gate dielectric layer on the gate electrode, a channel layer including a semiconductor material with a first polarity on the gate dielectric layer. The TFT structure also includes a multi-layer material stack on the channel layer, opposite the gate dielectric layer, an interlayer dielectric (ILD) material over the multi-layer material stack and beyond a sidewall of the channel layer. The TFT structure further includes source and drain contacts through the interlayer dielectric material, and in contact with the channel layer, where the multi-layer material stack includes a barrier layer including oxygen and a metal in contact with the channel layer, where the barrier layer has a second polarity. A sealant layer is in contact with the barrier layer, where the sealant layer and the ILD have a different composition.

Abstract: A memory device includes a group of ferroelectric capacitors with a shared plate that extends through the ferroelectric capacitors, has a greatest width between ferroelectric capacitors, and is coupled to an access transistor. The shared plate may be vertically between ferroelectric layers of the ferroelectric capacitors at the shared plate's greatest width. The memory device may include an integrated circuit die and be coupled to a power supply. Forming a group of ferroelectric capacitors includes forming an opening through an alternating stack of insulators and conductive plates, selectively forming ferroelectric material on the conductive plates rather than the insulators, and forming a shared plate in the opening over the ferroelectric material.